Relationship Between Media Violence and the Effects on...

A plethora of research has examined the relationship between media violence and the effects on children. Media violence is ubiquitous and comes in many forms, television and film, computer and video games, internet, music and radio and newspapers and magazines. However, the media that dominates the studies are television, then computer/video games and to a lesser degree music. Three types of evidence support the hypothesis that exposure to media violence is harmful to children. First there is anecdotes and case studies, then correlational studies and third the results of numerous experiments (Bernstein et al. 2006). However there are the sceptics that suggest the evidence is not conclusive in anecdotes and case studies, while correlations†¦show more content†¦Aggressive thoughts and hostile feelings can also be increased by listening to music whose lyrics describe or endorse violence (Anderson, Carnagey Eubanks, 2003). The most aggressive participants in a study conducted b y Konijn, Bijvank and Bushman (2007), were the participants that played violent games and wished they were like the character in the game. These participants noise blasted their opposition, even though they were aware that their actions might permanently deafen their opponents. The harmful effects are the individuals becoming aggressive as well as the secondary effects of the victim becoming hurt. The relationship between violent television and aggression may be seen as multidirectional (Jordan 2004). Anderson and Dill (2000), along with Huesmann et al. (2003) suggest the consumption of violent videogames ‘prime’ children to be more aggressive. Long-term harm to repeated exposure to violent media could result in the development of aggressive related knowledge structures by over-learning and reinforcing the behaviour (Anderson Dill 2000). The individual could become â€Å"more aggressive in outlook, perceptual biases, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior than they were before the repeated exposure orShow MoreRelated Exposure to Media Violence Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe relationship between the viewing of violence in such forms as video games and television shows has been widely contested and thoroughly researched. Various conclusions can be drawn from multiply sources, though as of yet there has been no one final conclusion as to the nature of the relations hip. Some research has studied how media violence can affect other aspects of behaviour, such as memory (Bushman 1988), or the long-term effects that it can have from early childhood, to adolescence (HuesmannRead MoreThe Portrayal Of Television Violence1040 Words   |  5 PagesProject Outline The Portrayal of Television Violence in the U.S. Programs and Its Impact on Viewers Introduction Over the past one three decades, there have been cases of increased child violence as well as adult conflicts. Many theories have been developed to explain this growing trend in the society. Media violence has been one of the factors considered. There has been continuous research with regards to the relationship that exists between media violence’s and the behavior of the viewers. SomeRead MoreMedia Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesOGarro Media and Society Professor Stephanie Morrow Media portrayal of sex and violence between today and my past. Media is a mode of communication which acts to be a link between the people in today’s society. There were many different issues presented between today and earlier days in the case of media portrayal of sex and violence. Today the media represents the stories of sex and violence in every single newspaper, video, radio and channels as opposed to the past, the media was consideredRead MoreMedia Violence And Aggressive Behavior986 Words   |  4 PagesWith the evolving of the technology, children easy access to the variety of these different media forms, many of which have high levels of violent content. Nowadays, just by clicking on the screen, children observe tons of news regarding to murders, beatings and sexual assaults. Eron and his colleagues conducted the research show that before finishing the elementary school, the child would have witnessed 8000 murders (Eron, 1993). Other media such as movies, video game, the Internet seems to be effectiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Vi olent Media On Aggressive Behavior1590 Words   |  7 Pagescorrlation between violent media and aggressive behaviors in individuals. This paper represents an effort to provide a source for individuals who are interested to gain information on the effect of violent media on aggressive behaviors. Most of the peer-reviewed and scholary articles used in this paper provided conclusions that violent media have multiply harmful affects on individuals especially children. Krahà © and Mà ¶ller (2011) discussed the relationship between usage of violent media and aggressiveRead MoreThe Effects Of Television Violence On Our Society1566 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems today, with violence being at the top of the list, you go anywhere and that is all you here about. Unfortunately it’s in front-page headlines of the newspaper and broadcasted on the news as top stories. Violence is a very big topic, although it is categorized into many small groups. There is juvenile violence, domestic v iolence, hate violence, terrorist violence, and violence displaced through various forms of the media. This research will be on violence in the media and does it affect ourRead MoreThe Influence of the Media on Antisocial Behavior Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesThe Influence of the Media on Antisocial Behavior There are many studies and examples to indicate that the amount of violence children witness on television or see through other forms of media are reflected in their own levels of aggression and violence. Studies into this include Bandura’s Bobo Doll study, Parke’s and Leynes’ studies into teenage aggression, Black and Bevan’s study into violence and the cinema and the St. Helena study. These studies had varying resultsRead MoreMedia Violence And The Effect It Has On Actual Behavior1500 Words   |  6 PagesTitle: Media Violence And The Effect It Has On Actual Behaviour. While many argue that film violence has little or no influence on actual behaviour, this essay will argue that media violence has a direct influence on actual behaviour in adolescence and adults. The main ideas I will put forward are. How Media Violence Increases Children’s tolerance of Real-Life Aggression, Violence Exposure in real-life, Violent Film Characters and their portrayal of violent acts, the effects of violence in emergingRead MoreMedia Violence and Its Effect on Children Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagessociety that violence in the country is on the rise. It is easy to see why this is a strong argument among the American people, especially because of the rising popularity of violent video games and television programs. However, as these violent video games and television shows are creating their own place in our society, the reports of violence among children are escalating. This correlation has been studied extensively in the scientific community in an attempt to discover whether media violence does negativelyRead MoreEssay about The Media And Violence979 Words   |  4 Pages The debate regarding the medias relationship to violence in society has been a hot issue for most of the past century. From the beginning of the wide use of mass media, from films to radio to television, researchers have tried to explain any association or correlation between media effects and violence. Of particular interest and concern has been the issue of violence in the media and the impact that this has on children. Although important research efforts have increased our understanding of

Changing Perpectives of Homosexuality in India - 1351 Words

The Role of Law in Changing Perspectives towards Homosexuality â€Å"If there is one constitutional tenet that can be said to be underlying theme of the Indian Constitution, it is that of Inclusiveness. This Court believes that Indian Constitution reflects this value deeply ingrained in Indian society, nurtured over several generations. Those perceived by the majority as deviants or different are not on that score excluded or ostracised.†59 With this ratio, the Delhi High Court on 2nd July, 2009 legalized consensual sexual intercourse between persons of the same sex by amending section 377 of the Indian Penal Code60 to exclude these acts. The underlying principle was that of inclusivity and inconclusive proof as to the harm that might†¦show more content†¦The Naz Foundation was declared to have the potential to be a case whose name would conjure up in the history of a particular struggle, celebrate the victory of a moment and inaugurate new hopes for the future.68 It proved that public morality and majority opinion must be subservient to constitutional morality and protection of citizens. It gave the gay community self confidence, knowing that their identity wasn’t an illegality. The Constitution had protected them from harassment and assault; the perpetual element of criminality and fear was gone from their lives. Not everyone, however, took the decision in the same stride. Press statements were released calling it an attempt to break the ‘social fabric’69, diminish our rich culture and family values70, and a curable mental illness.71 15 Special Leave Petitions were filed in the Supreme Court against the judgment. This showed that despite the law accepting their sexuality, attitudes in society were still a long way from tolerance, if not acceptance. Our belief in a set culture and tradition is so thoroughly embedded, that change towards betterment is in a perpetual duel with narrow interpretations of this defined ‘culture’. Jawaharlal Nehru once said that Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit. It is never a narrowing of the mind or a restriction of the human spirit or of the country’s spirit.72 It is this open mindedness that we lack. Four years later, changes have been noticed. Sexual

Four Horsemen Free Essays

Jair Hayes Mr. Buckingham Horsemen Essay 1 December 2011 Series of Unfortunate Events The four horsemen of the apocalypse appear in the story â€Å"How Much Land does a Man Need? † because they are all symbolical. The four horsemen are the horse of Conquest (white), War (Red), Black (Famine), and Pale (Death). We will write a custom essay sample on Four Horsemen or any similar topic only for you Order Now These four horsemen are all symbolical in some way and all connect in the story in a important way. They help explain the series of events in Pakhom’s journey to his demise. The first horseman is conquest which is a white horse. This is symbolic because Pakhom sets out on a conquest for so much land. He starts off with no land basically then he starts to get land. He next has 15 desyatins, and seems to be contempt with this land. Though, after a while he does set out to get to get more land which he acquires. Pakhom then realizes he can get even more land by going to these Indians to get as much land as he wants. Then he realizes that he has to pay 100 rubies a day to get as much as he wants. Before this though, we get introduced to the next horse which is war. The next being war comes in when Pakhom gets his land. He realizes that people are messing with his land and he doesn’t like it. Though, the irony in that is the fact that he did the same thing when he had little to no land himself. After these events Pakhom took people to court and lost and would try to put peasants on trial. This caused a dispute between Pakhom and most of the commoners, meaning they didn’t get along. People are in a war because naturally they don’t get along. Though, you have to make sacrifices in war which brings in the next horse. The next horseman is famine which is represented by black. This one is more metaphorical I feel then literal. For Pakhom to afford all this land he sold many things. Eventually he sold almost everything he had. He went into a personal need or possession famine. Pakhom also went into a morals famine. He basically left everything behind just for land and nothing else, which in hindsight makes no sense. If you don’t have money to even buy seeds, he why would you need land. He didn’t even have a horse anymore because he sold it. He could have used his horse to plow the fields. Pakhom became very greedy which leads to the final horse. The last horse is the horseman of death which is a pale color. This horse is obviously representing the death of the main character Pakhom. Pakhom became too greedy and unnecessarily needy. When he keeps going on at the end of the story for the land he should have realized he didn’t need that much land to begin with. If you have to walk more than a mile or three to plant or plow crops then you have too much land I personally feel. These are how these four horseman of the apocalypse connect in the story. How to cite Four Horsemen, Papers

Effective Corporate Financial Management

Queston: Discuss about the Effective Corporate Financial Management. Answer: Introduction: The companies act is anticipated to create an impact on the wide range of areas such as financial reporting, corporate governance, maintaining the structure of the company, recruitment and rotation of auditors, chief financial officers and directors to look after for the mergers and acquisition etc. The financial proposal of this act inflicts an additional responsibility on the chief financial officers. The chief financial officers are statically concerned with the bulk of provision relating to the delegator powers. The principle objective of the chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation is to enhance the corporate governance framework in the country. Accounting and financial reporting changes: Preparation of consolidated financial statement: The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation is responsible for mandatory preparation of the consolidated financial statement for the organisation along with its subsidiaries. The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation ensures that the subsidiaries are prepared in distinct financial statements and are required to be prepared in the same prescribed format as the separate financial statements (www.telstra.com.au 2016). It is worth mentioning that the chief financial officers does not go as far as to dislocate the primacy of the distinct financial statement, however, the acknowledges the relevance of the consolidated financial statement by analysing the performance of Telstra Corporation. Use of securities premium: The companies act has put up the restrictions on the use of securities premium because the financial statements must comply with the accounting standard prescribed under the Companies Act. The chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation restricts the use of securities premium only on the grounds that the equity bonus are entirely paid up and the expenses incurred pertaining to the issue of equity shares are written off (Brealey et al. 2012). The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation ensures that the securities premium account are adjusted with the redemption premium including debentures, preference shares, foreign currency convertible bonds. Depreciation requirements: The companies act has defined the useful life of non-assets under schedule II of the act. The chief financial officers have the obligations of ascertaining the cost of asset along with the useful life. The chief officers ensures that the useful part of an non-current assets is determined separately for depreciation by using the theory of components accounting which forms an indispensible part of the Telstra Corporation capital intensive requirement (www.telstra.com.au 2016). The Chief financial officer also ensures that amortisation of non-current assets should be governed by notifying under the schedule XIV of the companies act. The chief financial officer carefully evaluates the depreciation rates in order to determine the future profitability of Telstra Corporation. Changes in corporate governance framework: Independent directors: The chief financial officers also ensures that requirement of the independent directors for both its main and subsidiaries company are listed under the public companies with exact prescribed numbers (Chiu 2016). It is noteworthy to denote that Telstra Corporation compositions of board of directors are more complex with additional restrictions is being imposed on the appointment of independent directors as nominee directors of Telstra Corporation is no more considered as the independent directors. Providing non-auditing services: The duty of the chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation is providing non-auditing services like internal audit investment, strategies for investment services, advisory services etc. Hence, it is worth mentioning that such services cannot be rendered by the auditing firm either directly or indirectly to its parent body or in subsidiaries for ensuring that the compliance requirement of accounting policies are met in the organisation. Thus, the companies act has laid down in its policies that all non-auditing services should be completed prior to the first year of enactment (McKinney 2015). Implementing new guidelines on auditors rotations and eligibility: Meeting improved reporting requirements: The responsibility of the chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation is under the obligation of providing enhanced reporting concerning the matters related to the surveillance of the monetary transactions. The financial officer ensures that any transactions should not have any unfavourable impact on the operational functionality of the organisations (www.telstra.com.au 2016). The chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation ensures that it any auditor is not appointed for a term not exceeding five years for more than two consecutive period. Since Telstra Corporation, being a listed company is in accordance with this requirement. Creation of board of committees: The chief financial officers should ensure that an audit committee should be set up with majority of the independent directors. The role of chief financial officers should ensure that the audit committee is assigned with the roles that are well enhanced with the specific responsibilities (Hiebl 2015). The chief financial officer ensures that the audit committee should be able to read and comprehend the monetary statement. Managing business operations: It is noteworthy to denote that the chief financial officers of Telstra Corporation play an important role in the expansion and development of operational strategies. The chief financial officer undertakes an active part in the operational strategies relating to the business enterprise. On the other hand, the chief financial officer is solely responsible for Telstra Corporation business management and plays multiple role in the building the global reputation of the organisation. One of the common phenomenons of the current business world is outsourcing the activities to prevent the financial resources from being wasted and simultaneously maintaining the reputation and goodwill of the organisation in the international market. The transactional processing systems play a huge role in the maintenance of the authenticity and transparency at the time of recording the monetary transactions of Telstra Corporation (www.telstra.com.au 2016). Duties defined under the articles of company: The chief financial officer must act in accordance with the duties defined under the articles of the company. It is responsibility of the chief financial officer to promote the objectives of Telstra Corporation in order to attain the objectives of the organisation for general benefits of its overall members (Ebert and Griffin 2015). The chief financial officer is under the obligations of protecting the interest of the shareholders, the community and its customers. The chief financial officer should exercise his duties with due diligence and care by exercising reasonable judgements. The chief financial officer of Tesla hardly gets indulged in those situations which may create either direct or indirect conflict of interest which might potentially conflict the interest of Telstra Corporation. Managing business risks: Chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation is entirely responsible for the execution of the risk administration process of the organisation as a whole comprising of its parents body or its subsidiaries. The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation identifies risk as the external and internal market threats concerning the operational functions of the organisations (Cole et al. 2016). The chief financial officer also covers the large areas of risk associated with the financial, economical and management policies in regard to the business entity. Therefore the chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation must have the authority to understand and analyse the market the threat by undertaking suitable steps to look beyond internal and external environment. Conducting transactions with directors and other related business parties: Transactions with directors: The chief financial officer ensures that the loans, which are made to the managing directors or a whole time directors, is given out as the part of services for the company. Such services should be approved by passing of the special resolution after attaining the approval in the general meeting of the company. It should be noted that Telstra Corporation provides loan to loans and guarantees in the form of securities connected with the loans in the ordinary course of business (Hoitash et al. 2016). The companies act states that the chief financial officer should impose restrictions on the on the managing directors by issuing instructions for lending money. It is the duty of the chief financial officer to maintain the non-cash transactions concerning the board of directors by attaining the prior approval of the company as whole in a general meeting. Simplified method of Mergers and acquisition: The chief financial officer ensures that all the investment which are permitted for acquisitions of a company is originally used in the business. This includes acquisition of shares, redemption of debentures and other important securities. On complying with the standard procedure issued under the act has a significant amount of impact on the ability of Telstra Corporation to raise funds (Chiu 2016). The chief financial officer ensures that the current structure of company legal framework comply with the above stated requirements. The chief financial officer of Telstra Corporation also ensures that group restructuring activities are undertaken to meet the immediate future needs of the organisation as a whole. Mergers with unlisted companies: Telstra Corporation is currently looking forward to permits the chief financial officer with the merger depending upon the factors where the shareholding company decides to opt out. The chief financial officer makes certain the prices of the mergers are always listed with the unlisted company of the who are deciding to opt out of the agreements. Therefore, the chief financial officer ensures that all the statutory requirements concerning the use of financial statement shall be notified under the accounting standard board. The chief financial officer also ensures that the buyback is shares are authorised by the board of directors to look in to the special resolution for Telstra Corporation (www.telstra.com.au 2016). Efficient market hypothesis: The efficient market hypothesis can be defined as the market theory, which states that it is impossible to make profit under a vulnerable market environment reflecting an inconsistency in the stock market. Hence, investors selling stock at a lower value than the fair market price will not be able to generate the desired amount of profit. The only method that is left behind to generate the desired amount of profit is by investing in those stocks, which possess high market risks. Thus, the objective of the efficient hypothesis is to enable the investors to make delicate investment decision relating to the investment policies. It is worth mentioning the pension investment managers in framing a profitable investment schemes for retired pensioners shall put that efficient hypothesis into the use. Curry and Schorer (2016) mentioned that pension fund administrator is one who has the ultimate power and authority to manage pension in their control. Therefore, pension fund managers play a vital role in increasing the pension fund, which has the possibility to create an impact on the operational functions of business. According to Cole et al. (2016) the pension fund manager of the business assist the business in the process of mobilization of funds in regard to the business organisations. Below listed are the important responsibilities relating to the pension fund manager. Establishing key pension policies and benefits: As stated by Ebert and Griffin (2015) the pension fund manager is under the obligations of developing the pension policies, which can yield desired benefits for the retired personnel in the company. The ultimate responsibility of the pension fund manager is to mobilise the investment and the savings relating to the business expansion. Implementation of pension fund strategy: It should be noted that the pension fund strategy need to be carefully reviewed before being implemented. This involves discussions and evaluations as per the goals and objectives set by the organisations. As stated by Lasher 2013) pension fund strategy should be implemented after taking into the consideration the inherent financial strength of the personnel along with the ability to save for desired investment under a given period of time. Pension schemes: It is the duty of the pension scheme manager to efficiently operate and manage the functioning of the organisations so that the performance standards and the anticipations of the organisations are well met. The pension scheme should be developed in considerations with factors like savings and cutting down the unnecessary expenses of the business monthly. Thus, managing the pension scheme is one of the main duties of the pension scheme manager. Operating updated reports: The pension fund manager has the obligations to report the trustees regarding the intrinsic details of business concerning pension fund. As stated by Sheng (2015) the updated report shall be presented quarterly or in a half-yearly basis. Thus, this can be said that both the pensioners as well as the chief financial officers play an important role in the development of investment and financial strategies relating to a business organisation. Such policies and measures help the business in achieving the financial strategies of the business entity. Reference List: Becker, B. and Strmberg, P., 2012. Fiduciary duties and equity-debtholder conflicts.Review of Financial Studies,25(6), pp.1931-1969. Bedard, J.C., Hoitash, R. and Hoitash, U., 2014. Chief financial officers as inside directors.Contemporary Accounting Research,31(3), pp.787-817. Brealey, R.A., Myers, S.C., Allen, F. and Mohanty, P., 2012. Principles of corporate finance. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Cheng, M.M., Tan, H.T., Trotman, K.T. and Tse, A., 2016. The Impact of the Timing of a Prior Year's Auditor Concessions on Financial Officers' Judgments.Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Chiu, I.H., 2016. Comparing Directors Duties in the Financial Services Sector with Regulatory Duties under the Senior Persons Regime-Some Critical Observations.European Business Law Review,27(2), pp.261-283. Chiu, I.H., 2016. Regulatory Duties for Directors in the Financial Services Sector and Directors Duties in Company Law-Bifurcation and Interfaces.Journal of Business Law. Cole, S., Kanz, M. and Klapper, L., 2016. Improving Financial Access for Entrepreneurs in Developing Countries.Policy,2011. Curry, D.S. and Schorer, J.U., 2016. The Effects of Business Insolvency on the Duties and Liabilities of Directors and OfficersA Comparative Analysis With Recommendations to Promote Good DecisionMaking. InGlobal Insolvency and Bankruptcy Practice for Sustainable Economic Development(pp. 168-218). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Ebert, R.J. and Griffin, R.W., 2015. Business essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Hiebl, M.R., 2015. Agency and stewardship attitudes of chief financial officers in private companies.Qualitative Research in Financial Markets,7(1), pp.4-23. Hoitash, R., Hoitash, U. and Kurt, A.C., 2016. Do accountants make better chief financial officers?.Journal of Accounting and Economics,61(2), pp.414-432. https://www.telstra.com.au/, h. (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2016]. Lasher, W.R., 2013. Practical financial management. Nelson Education. McKinney, J.B., 2015.Effective financial management in public and nonprofit agencies. ABC-CLIO. Ojo, A.O., 2016. Corporate governance and risk management in the financial industry: changes after the global financial crisis. Shaw, S.J., 2015.Financial and Administrative Organization and Development. Princeton University Press. Sheng, L., 2015. Study on the Financial Integration after the Merger and Acquisition.